What is Menorrhagia?
Menorrhagia is the medical term for heavy menstrual bleeding. Many women experience some variation in their periods. However, menorrhagia means bleeding is so heavy or long that it affects daily life. For example, you may need to change pads or tampons every hour. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), menorrhagia is a common problem for women of all ages. Still, it is important to know that help is available.
Common Symptoms of Menorrhagia
Not every heavy period is menorrhagia. Yet, certain signs can help you tell the difference. If you notice these symptoms, you may have menorrhagia:Bleeding that soaks through one or more pads or tampons every hour for several hoursNeeding to use double sanitary protection to control menstrual flowWaking up at night to change pads or tamponsPeriods lasting longer than seven daysPassing large blood clots during your periodFeeling tired, weak, or short of breath (signs of anemia)
Sometimes, heavy bleeding can cause you to miss work or school. In addition, you may feel worried or stressed about your periods.
Causes of Menorrhagia
There are many possible causes of menorrhagia. Some are simple, while others may need medical care. Common causes include:Hormone imbalances, such as too much estrogen or not enough progesteroneUterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths in the uterusPolyps, or small growths on the lining of the uterusBleeding disorders, like von Willebrand diseaseThyroid problemsPelvic infectionsCertain medications, such as blood thinnersOther health conditions, including some cancers (rarely)
Sometimes, doctors cannot find a clear cause. Even so, treatment for menorrhagia is still possible.
How is Menorrhagia Diagnosed?
Doctors use several steps to diagnose menorrhagia. First, they will ask about your medical history and period details. Next, they may do a physical exam. In many cases, you may need tests, such as:Blood tests to check for anemia or bleeding disordersUltrasound to look at the uterus and ovariesEndometrial biopsy, where a small sample of the uterine lining is checkedPap smear to rule out cervical problems
With these tests, your doctor can find the cause of heavy menstrual bleeding. As a result, you can get the right treatment.
Treatment Options for Menorrhagia
Treatment for menorrhagia depends on the cause, your age, and your health. Often, doctors start with simple options. However, some women may need more advanced care. Common treatments include:Iron supplements to treat or prevent anemiaNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen, to reduce bleeding and painHormonal treatments, such as birth control pills or hormone-releasing IUDsTranexamic acid, a medicine that helps blood clotSurgical options, like removing polyps or fibroids, or endometrial ablation (removing the uterine lining)
Sometimes, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is needed. But this is usually a last resort. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most women find relief with less invasive treatments.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you may not always prevent menorrhagia, some steps can help you manage symptoms. For example:Track your periods using a calendar or appEat a healthy diet rich in iron, like leafy greens and lean meatsStay hydrated by drinking plenty of waterRest when you feel tiredTalk to your doctor before taking new medicines
With these tips, you may feel more in control of your health. In addition, early care can prevent problems like anemia.
When to See a Doctor
It is important to know when to seek medical help. You should see a doctor if:Your periods are so heavy you need to change protection every hourYou bleed for more than seven daysYou feel weak, dizzy, or short of breathYou pass large blood clotsYour periods disrupt your daily life
Early treatment can help you feel better and prevent serious health issues.
Conclusion
Menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding, can affect your health and daily life. However, many treatment options are available. If you notice symptoms, do not ignore them. Consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on menorrhagia.